The construction industry stands on the cusp of a technological revolution with the introduction of exoskeletons, wearable robots designed to augment human capabilities and mitigate the physically demanding nature of construction work.

This innovation aims to address critical challenges in the sector, including high rates of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, declining productivity, and increasing worker attrition. However, as the industry ventures into this new territory, the integration of human-robot interaction (HRI) introduces a complex landscape of new safety risks that demands careful navigation.

The Promise of Exoskeletons

Exoskeletons offer the of hope of enhanced worker safety and efficiency on construction sites. By providing mechanical support for tasks such as lifting, carrying, and holding tools, these devices can significantly reduce the strain on workers’ bodies, potentially lowering the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders, which are prevalent in the industry.

Exoskeletons can improve productivity by enabling workers to perform tasks more efficiently and with less fatigue, addressing the issue of declining productivity and supporting an aging workforce.

Emerging Safety Risks with HRI

Despite the advantages, the integration of exoskeletons into construction operations is not without its challenges. The ensuing HRI, inherent to task-technology execution, can lead to novel safety risks or exacerbate existing ones. These risks range from physical strain due to improper use or fit of the device, to psychological impacts related to overreliance on technology.

Ignoring these risks could not only negate the potential benefits of exoskeletons but also worsen overall worker safety performance on construction sites.

A Focused Approach to Risk Management

To address these concerns, recent research has embarked on developing insights needed to control associated safety risks in key construction tasks: bricklaying, drywall installation, and concrete grinding and polishing. Employing the Delphi method, a structured communication technique, the study quantified wearable robot safety risks and identified effective and feasible mitigation strategies.

This approach yielded ten critical safety and health risks and twelve key strategies for managing these risks, providing a roadmap for integrating exoskeletons into construction practices safely.

Among the identified risks were issues such as increased risk of trips and falls due to altered mobility or balance, ergonomic challenges from prolonged use, and potential distractions leading to decreased situational awareness.

To mitigate these risks, strategies such as comprehensive training programs, regular fit and ergonomic assessments, and the development of protocols for the hygienic use and sharing of devices were highlighted.

Implications for the Future

The existing research emphasizes the importance of a proactive and informed approach to incorporating exoskeleton technology in construction. Increased awareness and implementation of mitigation strategies can lead to better prioritization of safety resources, enhancing worker safety and productivity.

As the construction industry continues to explore the potential of exoskeletons, this research provides a critical foundation for ensuring that this promising technology delivers on its potential safely and effectively.

The journey of integrating exoskeletons into construction is just beginning. With careful attention to the emerging risks and a commitment to implementing robust safety measures, the industry can harness the full potential of this technology to create safer, more productive work environments.

As we move forward, the focus must remain on protecting the health and well-being of the workers who will wear these devices, ensuring that the future of construction is not only more efficient but also safer for everyone involved.